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octopus are brilliant creatures with advanced smarts , and now scientists have uncovered a clue that may partially excuse the cephalopods ' remarkable intelligence : Its factor have a genetic quirk that is also examine in man , a new study finds .
The clue that scientists uncovered are called " jumping cistron , " or transposons , and they make up45 % of the human genome . Jumping cistron are short succession ofDNAwith the ability to copy and paste or cut and glue themselves to another location in the genome , and they ’ve been linked to theevolutionof genome in multiple species . genetical sequence latterly bring out that two metal money of octopus — Octopus vulgarisandOctopus bimaculoides — also have genome that are filled with transposons , according to a study published May 18 in the journalBMC Biology .
A common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) in the Mediterranean Sea.
In both human and octopuses , most transposon are dormant , either shut down due to mutation or blocked from replicating by cellular defenses , the subject area authors reported . But one kind of transposon in human race , know as the Long intersperse Nuclear Elements or LINE , may still be fighting . Evidence from anterior study suggests that LINE jumping genes are tightly regulated by thebrain , but are stillimportant for learningand for memory formation in the genus Hippocampus .
When the scientists took a closer look at devilfish jump genes that could freely copy and paste around the genome , they discovered transposons from the LINE crime syndicate . This element was active in the octopus ’s vertical lobe — a brain section in octopus that is decisive for learning and is functionally correspondent to the human hippocampus , Graziano Fiorito , study joint author and a biologist at the Anton Dohrn Zoological Station ( SZAD ) in Naples , Italy , say Live Science .
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In the new study , the researchers measured one octopus transposon ’s transcription toRNAand translation toprotein , and they discover important activity in area of the brain touch to behavioral plasticity — how organism change their behaviour in response to unlike stimuli . " We were very happy because this is a sort of trial impression , " said study joint author Giovanna Ponte , a researcher in the SZAD Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms .
Even though octopuses are n’t intimately related to animals with spinal column , they nevertheless demonstrate behavioural and neuronic plasticity that ’s similar to that of craniate , Fiorito bring . " These animals , like mammals , have the ability to adapt ceaselessly and solve job , " and this grounds hints that the similarity may start at the inherited level , he said .
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These finding not only connect jump genes to octopus ' intelligence , they also suggest that line of credit jumping gene do more than just rise around . Rather , they have some role in cognitive processing , the author suggested in astatement . Because jump cistron are shared by humans and octopuses , they may be in effect candidates for next research on intelligence and how it develops and varies between somebody within a coinage , according to the study .
However , since octopuses are quite distant from humans on the tree diagram of living , it ’s possible that active LINE transposons in the two groups are an example ofconvergent evolution . This mean their share to intelligence activity evolve separately in the two lineages , rather than originating in a share antecedent , the scientists account .
earlier published on Live Science .
