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In this occasional serial publication , Life ’s Little Mysteries explores the plausibility of pop skill fable concepts .
The armament in the sci - fi region often make today ’s " weapons of aggregated destruction " look puny . rather of metropolis - slaying nukes , the floor of destruction needed to shock the conscience of technologically ripe cultures is more of the satellite - destroying variety .
Just seconds away from going kablooey, Alderaan starts to feel the heat of the Death Star’s superlaser in “Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope."
The most famous such Last Day machine is the Death Star in " Star Wars . " The moon - sized battle station fires a superlaser that blows the planet Alderaan to smithereens in Episode IV . But there ’s more than one way to knock out a satellite , at least theoretically ; antimatter or black gob " turkey " could surely wrack some havoc .
While the physics behind populace eradication is pretty aboveboard , the technological means to do so remain ( fortunately ) very much out of ambit .
" There is no conceptual cause you could n’t habituate some of these method to put down a very giving physical object , but engineering a fashion to do it is the hard part , " said Sidney Perkowitz , a physicist at Emory University in Atlanta , Georgia . [ Top 10 style to Destroy Earth ]
Fire when quick
While it might go like an attractive mind to iniquity , would - be astronomical emperors , using a laser to explode a major planet is not very hardheaded . The optical maser would require a in truth astonishing amount of energy , at least by today ’s standards . Perkowitz and other scientists have done back - of - the - gasbag computing to show just how much . To nuke theplanet Earthand cast aside all the pieces apart would eat up somewhere in the ballpark of two to the 1032joules . ( A watt second is a unit of measurement of free energy equal to about the amount of study it accept to move up an apple three foot . ) " That ’s the free energy you would need to swarm into Earth to break every [ nuclear ] bond " and overcome gravitational force , said Perkowitz .
Themost powerful laserin existence right now is the 500 - terawatt beast at the National Ignition Facility ( NIF ) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Calif. Firing all 192 lasers together for just a few ten of billionths of a second can produce a record of around 2 megajoules .
Assume , then , that NIF ’s 500 - terawatt optical maser were build on an orbital facility and shine down at Earth . Also acquire that the beam ’s push would spread out and not just burn a diminutive , tiny hole straight through the planet . Under this scenario , Perkowitz calculated it would take something like 12 billion class of continuous kindling to destroy our home creation .
" That Death Star is a Inferno of an achievement – it wipe a satellite out in seconds , " Perkowitz said . " We ’re a long way by from making a optical maser - style major planet buster . "
natural philosophy - wise , the Death Star has a commodious workaround . A fictional " hypermatter " reactor , which crank up out the energy equivalent of severalsun - similar stars , is supposedly what power the monstrosity .
Nuclear apocalypse
Perhaps more conventional weapons , like a humongous atomic bomb calorimeter or a bunch of them – could that vaporize a major planet ? [ Greatest Explosions Ever ]
A beefy one - megaton atomic bomb calorimeter , like the modern B83 possessed by the United States , concede about 4 to the 1015joules . To kill Earth ( though control surface life story would almost exclusively die out well before the planet itself shatter ) , you would need several quadrillion of these bombs .
The biggest atomic bomb ever detonate , nicknamed Tsar Bomba and made by the Russians , packed a wallop of 50 megaton ( though 100 megatons was possible if the bomb were fully juiced with uranium instead of lead ) . That ’s still incredibly measly when it add up to rocking a whole world .
An anti - Earth mine
So the laser and nuclear methods wo n’t wreak ; get the most destructive bang for the buck , at least from a linear perspective of mass , calls forantimatter .
When antimatter and normal matter suffer , they eradicate each other into pure Energy Department . Nature produces miniscule bits of antimatter in violent , eminent - energy phenomenon , such as cosmic ray impacts to the upper ambiance and even in storm clouds . Antimatter can be made in laboratories – at great disbursement – and stored for more than ten minutes at a metre .
Overall , though , antimatter is uncommon stuff and nonsense . On the order of a trillion gross ton , or the amount in a dinosaur - extirpate , six - sea mile - wide asteroid , would need to be corral to take out Earth .
" From the viewpoint of making antimatter unnaturally , all we ’ve done really is nanograms [ one-billionth of a gramme ] , " said Perkowitz . " And as far as we know , we do n’t have chunks of antimatter floating around in the universe . "
Creating a deployable antimatter bomb calorimeter seems like quite a stretchiness . Somehow manufacturing a sufficiently sized black hole could also end Earth ; in the 2009 " Star Trek " reboot , a black mess ( conjured via a antic substance called " cerise matter " ) swallows up the satellite Vulcan , for example .
Perkowitz is not convince on any feasibleness arguing there , though . " I mean matter - antimatter is the farthermost we could go in speculating that at least has a short base in it , " he told Life ’s Little Mysteries .
To be clear , wandering vaporisation is not necessary to bring a global bon ton to its genu . Any bit of less apocalyptically ambitious approaches , such as anuclear winterspawned by thermonuclear war , could render much of a planet ’s airfoil temporarily uninhabitable for intelligent life ,
The engineering for far-flung death and death is certainly at hand . But hopefully , Perkowitz said , humanity resists make up more technical terror , a la the Tsar Bomba , in the future tense . " There ’s that bit of an ethical interrogation , " he said , " about why would we desire to do that kind of thing anyway . "
This story was provide byLife ’s Little Mysteries , a sister internet site to LiveScience .
