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The " mystic code " the brain uses to create a central type of storage has finally been cracked .
This type of memory , called work memory , is what permit people to temporarily hold on to and fake information for short period of time . You practice put to work memory , for case , when you look up a headphone number and then shortly remember the succession of finger’s breadth in ordering to dial , or when you need a friend for directions to a restaurant and then keep trail of the turn as you drive there .
The new body of work represents a " fundamental step forward " in the study of working memory , Derek Nee , an adjunct prof of psychology and neuroscience at Florida State University , told Live Science in an email .
A critical process
For decades , scientists have wondered how and where thebrainencodes transient memory board .
One possibility suggests that working memory swear on special " storehouses " in the psyche , separate from where the nous handles incoming sensorial selective information from theeyesor nose , for instance , or where prospicient - term memories — like memories of who you give ear promenade with , or foundational knowledge you learned in shoal — are salt away , pronounce Nee , who was not involved in the raw study .
Another , oppose hypothesis suggests that " there are no such special storehouses , " Nee enjoin Live Science . In this alternate hypothesis , working memory is essentially an emergent phenomenon — one that shows up " when sensational and motor representation are kept around as we tie in the past tense to the time to come , " Nee state . accord to this possibility , the same brain cubicle light up up when you first read through a telephone set number as do when you run through that number again and again in working remembering .
colligate : Your mentality hyperbolize remembering to remember them easily
The unexampled field of study , published April 7 in the journalNeuron , challenges both of these theories . Rather than reverberate what happens during percept or relying on special storage storehouses , workings memory seems to operate one dance step up from sensorial information gathering ; it elicit only the most relevant sensory information from the environment and then sums up that information in a relatively simple code .
" There have been clues for decades that what we store in [ working memory ] might be different from what we perceive , " read senior author Clayton Curtis , a prof of psychological science and nervous science at New York University ( NYU ) , tell Live Science in an e-mail .
To solve the mysteries of working retention , Curtis and carbon monoxide - generator Yuna Kwak , a doctoral student at NYU , used a brain scanning proficiency called working magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) , which measure out change in rake catamenia to different part of the encephalon . Active mastermind cells require more energy and oxygen , so fMRI provides an collateral metre of brain cadre activeness .
The squad used this proficiency to scan the genius of nine volunteers while they execute a labor that lock their working memory ; the two study authors also discharge the labor and contributed encephalon scans to the field of study .
In one of the trials , the player viewed a circle indite of gratings , or slashes , on a projection screen for roughly four seconds ; the graphic then vanish , and 12 seconds later , the participants were necessitate to recall the angle of the slashes . In other trials , the participants viewed a cloud of moving dots that all shifted in the same direction , and they were asked to call back the exact angle of the dot cloud ’s motion .
" We predicted that player would recode the complex stimulus " — the angled grating or move dots — " into something more wide-eyed and relevant to the task at hand , " Curtis told Live Science . Participants were only asked to pay attention to the orientation of the slashes or angle of the dot cloud ’s move , so the researchers hypothesize that their brain natural action would reflect only those specific attribute of the computer graphic .
And when the team analyzed the brain scan data , that ’s just what they found .
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The investigator used computer modeling to see the complex brain activity , creating a kind of topographic map representing peaks and valley of activity in different groups of brain cells . brainiac cells that process visual information have a specific " open field , " stand for they trip in response to input that appear in a special zone of a person ’s optic domain . The squad took these receptive fields into invoice in their models , which helped them understand how the player ' Einstein activity related to what they ’d observed on - screenland during the memory board task .
This analysis revealed that , instead of encoding all of the fine detail of each computer graphic , the head stored only the relevant information needed for the task at hand . When viewed on the topographical maps , the brain activity used to encode this information search like a wide-eyed , straight argument . The slant of the line would match the orientation of the gratings or the slant of the dot swarm ’s question , depending on which computer graphic the participant had been shown .
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These line - like brainpower natural process patterns appear in the optic lens cortex , where the brain get and processes visual information , and the parietal lens cortex , a key region for memory processing and storage .
What ’s crucial is n’t that the brainiac settled on using line to represent the double . " It is the fact that the representation has been filch from gratings [ or ] movement to something different , " Nee said .
One limitation of the study is that the team used very simplistic computer graphic , which do n’t necessarily reflect the visual complexness of the existent world , Nee noted . This limitation stretch out to many studies of work memory , and Nee said he use similar simple nontextual matter in his own research .
" The field will involve to move towards richer stimuli that well match our natural ocular experiences to bring us from the research lab to hard-nosed utility , " he said . But with that in mind , the fresh work still " provides a new perceptivity into what it means to hold something online in head for the future , " he said .
Working memory essentially acts as a bridge circuit between percept ( when we read a speech sound number ) and legal action ( when we dial that turn ) . " This field of study , in identifying a representational data format that resembles neither what was comprehend nor what will be done but can be distinctly read out from visual signals , offers an unprecedented look into this mysterious medium zone between perception and natural action , " Nee pronounce .
in the beginning published on Live Science .
